（1）问候

Hello/Hi.

Good morning/afternoon/evening, etc.

（2）告辞

I'm afraid I must be going now.

I think it's time for us to leave now.

I've really got to go now.

It's time I went home.

（3）告别

Good-bye/Bye/Bye-bye.

Good night.

See you tomorrow.

（4）介绍

A. This is Tom (and this is Amy).

I'd like you to meet Mary.

May I introduce (you to) Mr./ Mrs./ Miss/Ms. Smith? ②

B. How do you do?

Glad to meet you.

Nice meeting you, Fred. ③

（5）感谢和应答

A. Thank you (very much).

(Many) thanks.

I'm really grateful to you for your help. ③

B. Not at all.

You're welcome.

Don't mention it.

That's all right.

（6）祝愿和祝贺

A. Good luck!

Best wishes for your holiday.

Have a good time.

Please give my best wishes to Linda.

Please remember me to your family. ③

B. Congratulations (on your success). ②

(7) 道歉和应答

A. Sorry.

Excuse me.

B. Never mind.

It doesn't matter.

That's nothing.

（8）邀请和应答

A. Come in and have a cup of tea.

What about having a drink?

Would you like some ice cream?

B. Thank you (very much).

Yes, I'd love to.

That's very kind of you, (but I'm on a diet). ③

（9）提议、接受和谢绝

A. Can I help you?

Is there anything I can do for you?

Shall I carry the box for you?

B. Yes, please.

No, thank you (just the same).

That's very kind of you, but I can manage it myself.③

（10）开始和结束谈话③

Nice day, isn't it?

What a lovely day today!

（1）请求重复和解释

Uh, excuse me, could you repeat it?

Could you say that again?

（2）定义③

Linguistics may be defined as the science of language.

（3）确认理解③

Got it?

Do you see what I mean?

（4）犹豫③

Let me see.

How can I put it?

（5）更正③

What I meant was that we should go on with the work.

（6）补充③

In addition, I think we should take the cost into account.

（7）插话③

Excuse me. Did you say that the party had to be put off?

（1）意愿

I'm willing/ready to take the job.

I will buy a new pair of glasses.

（2）希望

I wish to see you again.

I hope you will get better soon.

I wish I were younger. ③

（3）意向

I'm planning to move somewhere downtown.

I feel like taking a hot bath now.

（4）责任

Do I have to finish it today?

Should I look after the baby this evening?

Is it necessary for me to clean the room? ③

I'm afraid you must/will have to stay home. ③

（5）能力

I can manage the job without help.

I'm capable of running a mile in four minutes. ③

（6）允许

A. I wonder if I could possibly use your bicycle?

B. Sure, go ahead.

C. I'd rather you didn't. ③

（7）同意和不同意

A. That's a good point.

B. I'm afraid you're not quite right.

（8）喜欢和不喜欢

A. I like English poems very much.

She loves doing shopping alone.

B. He doesn't like wearing his hair long.

I don't care much for hot food. ②

（9）偏爱②

I prefer tea to coffee.

I'd rather go by train than by plane.

（10）原谅

It's not your fault.

Please don't blame yourself. ③

（11）后悔②

I should have finished my essay earlier.

（12）慰问和同情

I'm so sorry.

Please accept my deep sympathy. ②

（13）兴趣

That's quite tempting. ②

I'm curious about that. ③

（14）决心

She's determined to go to Australia . ②

I insist everybody be here at six sharp. ③

Nothing will prevent me from accomplishing the task. ③

（15）责怪和批评

You are late again. ②

Why didn't you tell me the truth? ②

You shouldn't have done that. ③

（16）抱怨

I hate to have to say this, but it's too noisy here. ②

（17）否定③

I don't think you are right.

（18）让步③

Even so/But it's still a fact.

（19）怀疑③

I doubt if we can finish it on time.

I suspect the truth of her statement.

（20）犹豫③

Well, let me see.

（21）坚持③

But you know that she's innocent.

（22）忍受③

Well, we just have to accept that sort of thing.

（23）冷淡③

I don't care what you do.

It doesn't matter to me.

（1）肯定和不肯定  

I'm not quite sure whether it will rain today.

I doubt if he knows the truth. ②

to be sure/certain of ③

（2）可能和不可能  

It is possible that he is out.

It is unlikely that he should be at home. ②

（3）预测

It will be fine tomorrow.

（4）猜测和相信

I guess that he has got it.

He must have read it before.

We all believe that you are right.

（5）看似、好象③

He seems to be ignorant about it.

She appears to be unwilling to go.

It looks as if he knew a lot about it.

（1）惊奇

What a surprise!

I can hardly believe my ears/eyes.

（2）满意和高兴

It is well done.

I'm pleased to know that.

How wonderful!

（3）愤怒或恼怒

Isn't it annoying/irritating!

What a stupid idiot! ②

（4）悲伤

Oh, no! How could this happen to me?

I can't take much more of this.

（5）愿望

I wish I were young again.

（6）悔恨和失望

Oh, what a pity /shame!

That's too bad.

（7）需求

I need your help.

I want you to read this report.

（8）焦虑

I'm so anxious about my job. ③

She is rather worried about his health.

（9）加重感情色彩

What a wonderful day! ②

Thank you ever so much. ②

It is far, far too expensive. ③

（10）担心和挂念③

I'm so worried about you.

She is anxious to know the result.

（11）害怕③

Don't be afraid.

I was frightened to death when a tall man ran towards me.

（12）期望③

I'm expecting a call.

（13）赞赏③

What a marvelous play!

I like your haircut.

（1）提醒

Make sure you'll be there on time.

Don't forget about your study.

（2）请求

Will you do me a favour?

Would you mind helping me with the desk? ③

（3）建议

You'd better take an umbrella.

I'd rather you did it again. ②

Why don't you have a try?

Let's take a short break.

Shall we start now?

（4）推荐

I recommend this book.

（5）指导

The first thing you have to do is open the cover, and then don't forget to press the button 'ON'.

（6）警告

Be careful!

Take care!

If you don't do it properly, I'll make you do it again.

（7）劝说

Don't you think it would be better to leave right now?

（8）命令

Be quiet.

Don't shout in the corridor.

（9）禁止

You can't smoke here.

You are not allowed to smoke here.

（10）许诺③

I will pay you back next time.

I give you my word that the goods will arrive on time.

（1）时刻

She gets up at 7:00 every morning.

The school will begin in September.

（2）时段

The concert lasted two hours.

His father will stay in Paris for five years.

（3）频度

He should take the medicine twice a day.

She usually wrote home every other week. ②

（4）时序

The cat ran here and there, first on this side, then on that side.

（5）速度

The students can read English at the speed of 200 words per minute. ③

（6）同时

Strike while the iron is hot. ③

（7）持续

The professor has been teaching at the university for over thirty years. ③

（1）存在和不存在

Air exists nearly everywhere.

There is not a soul in the room. ②

(2)有和没有

The people in this country enjoy free medical care.

The factory ran out of raw material. ②

（1）位置

He sits at the back of the room.

The lab lies in the center of the university. ②

（2）方向

The post office is two blocks straight ahead.

Turn left at the corner and go straightforward.

（3）动向

The train is leaving for Beijing .

towards; from

（4）距离

The school is within walking distance.

（5）体积③

The two rooms are of the same size.

The swimming pool is 25 metres in width, 50 metres in length and 2 metres in depth.

（1）数

There are twenty students in the class.

（2）量

She has collected a great number of foreign stamps.

There was a great amount of rain last month.

（3）足量和不足量③

They have ample food and clothing.

The pot plant died from want of water.

（4）过量

The shirt is too large for Tom to wear.

（1）形状

It is a U-shaped road.

（2）颜色

The leaves turn yellow in autumn.

（3）材料

The box is made of wood.

（4）感觉③

The blind man has to fee·his way forward.

He has no sense of music.

（5）质地③

The silk feels very smooth.

（6）价值③

A peasant woman found a priceless stone in her land.

（7）自然状况③

I don't fee·well, just because of the jet-lag.

The sheets are usually folded in this way. ②

He decided to treat the patient surgically. ③

The dumb can make themselves understood by means of gestures. ③

The knife is used to cut things.

The computer performs an important function in modern society.

（1）例证

The language skills, for example, speaking and writing, need to be practised.

This relationship can be exemplified by the following graph.

namely; as follows

（2）概括

Generally speaking, job chances are much better for manual workers than for office workers.

（3）推论

It is argued that books will no longer be necessary after each family owns a computer.

（4）结论

To sum up, it is no easy job to learn a foreign language.

All in all; in conclusion; to conclude by saying…

（5）阐明

It means you mustn't overtake.

（1）基础运算

If you multiply 3 by 4, you get 12.

（2）倍数和百分比

In this school, men constitute only 40% of the teaching staff.

This book is twice as thick as that one.

（3）增加和减少

The export increased in volume by 10 percent over last year.

There is a sharp drop of birth rate in this area.

（4）基础测量

（长、宽等）

The table is four feet in length.

The garden measures forty feet across.

（5）近似值

about; approximately

（6）平均值

On the average, the author writes two books a year.

to have an average of

（7）比率和比例

16 to 8 is in ratio of 6 to 3.

The proportion of A to B is X to Y.

（8）最大值和最小值

The train has the maximum speed of 250 miles per hour.

The minimum number of students in each room will be five.

（9）估计

The estimated quantity of rice per acre is 5 tons.

It is estimated that the work will take three months.

（1）部分和整体

The committee comprises nine professors.

Our class consists of 40 students.

（2）部分之间的联系

The staircase leads to the balcony.

（1）行为中和事物中的联系

They showed sympathy to the child.

These facts are known by all the schoolteachers.

（2）对比关系

on the one hand… on the other hand…; in spite of; on the contrary

（3）比较关系

He speaks English as well as she does.

He is the slower of the two children.

That is the most wonderful play I have ever seen.

（4）所属关系

her promotion; a woman's college

（5）逻辑关系

As it was raining hard, we didn't go out yesterday.

Nothing more was heard from him so that we began to wonder if he was dead.

Though it was already midnight, he went on working.

He failed the exam as a result of bad preparation.

（6）分类

English can be further divided into several sub-varieties.